An easy and affordable task management tool for estate planning attorneys… Hello Trello!

Solo and small firms can both benefit from Trello, which offers an easy and affordable solution to the “too much to do and track” problem that we all face for large as well as small projects.  What is Trello? Glad you asked.  Trello is a collaboration tool that organizes projects into boards. At a glance, Trello tells you what’s being worked on, who’s working on what, and where something is in a process.  Imagine a pegboard which you can expand as large as you want horizontally, with columns of movable 3 x 5 cards each of which represents an individual list or topic to which you can, on the back side, attach an unlimited number of sticky notes, photos, attachments from other data sources, documents, emails, and a place to comment and collaborate with your legal team.  Imagine that both the columns or cards are super easy to move (by anyone in your team) so that you can see who is doing what or what has been completed and that you can see all of that at a glance.  Now imagine that you can take that pegboard anywhere you go on your smartphone or iPad, and can access it from any computer (PC or Mac) through the web. That’s Trello!  When your team completes tasks or leaves you a response, you receive one single report during the day which helps manage your email inbox and staff interruptions, avoids actual sticky notes from being left on files and lost or voice messages that you didn’t get to.  With the help of Zapier (yep, it’s an app), it can “zap” directions from one app, such as your client management software to Trello, so, for instance, if my staff opens a new matter in ActionStep, which our firm uses (which is similar to Clio) , a corresponding matter is opened in a list on Trello which I can then assign or begin to manage.   Personally, I use OmniFocus 3 (an app) to collect and organize all my thoughts into lists and then move them to Trello as I want to assign them to staff but I could do this all in Trello.  My use of OmniFocus started after I read David’s Allen’s book, Getting Things Done, which I highly recommend if you want to really begin to take control of your crazy life and make room in your head.  OmniFocus is connected to my iPhone and Apple Watch, which allows me to easily record task items remotely when I am away from my iPad or PC, which I can organize later, so I’ll stick with OmniFocus for purposes of collecting my ideas and then use Trello to delegate and monitor them, though our firm also uses ActionStep’s workflow for this purpose.

Trello is very intuitive, so getting started is easy – even for you Luddites.  There is a free version, but for lawyers that probably isn’t the way you will want to go if you are going to be using client information on your boards.  The business class version will run you about $120 per year per user and the enterprise version about $240 per user a year.  My staff picked it up very quickly and it makes assigning, reviewing and monitoring task assignments simple and effective.

If you decide to give it a try, please let me know about your experience.

According to some reports, automating your practice can increase office efficiency by up to 90%. That’s an impressive number.  While I agree that automating your practice can significantly increase your office efficiency, what I appreciate just as much is the decrease in common errors, uniformity in work product among all office users, and the additional time it can return to me.   When I spend less time doing routine matters or revising the same documents for the same errors, I can attend to other things and grow my practice  Over the past 10 years, my law practice has increased tremendously and without automating my practice I would not have been able to keep up with that growth and still kept 9 to 5 hours (for the most part).

What exactly do I mean when I say “automate” a practice?  That can mean a lot of things to a lot of people.   At the most basic level, it means taking the forms, letters, and other documents that you routinely use (assume this is 80% of your standardized work), mapping out 80% of the routine variations that occur, and then integrating that document set and variations with a program that, after a data entry session, will transform your custom interview answers into a draft document ready for your review.  You might call this “intelligent templating.”  The draft might not be perfect but it will: 1) be uniform among all users; 2) be consistent from interview session to interview session  until you modify the template and/or interview; 3) not contain the names or custom information from another client’s document (as will cut and paste drafting); 4) be capable of being processed by a staff person with minimal or virtually no training or legal experience if you have developed a control sheet to allow for this; and 5) can be processed with lightning speed.  Attorney review and edits may still be necessary. Additional custom drafting may be required.  It’s not perfect but it’s a smarter, faster and better way to practice.  As suggested above, automating a practice might also involve control or direction sheets that enable an attorney to quickly communicate custom drafting directions to staff, which can then be implemented by staff.  Our firm has embraced this process, and I think all firms should if they haven’t already.  Further automation may involve the creation and implementation of workflows that follow a file from cradle to grave and ensure proper opening, processing, closing and file storage or destruction in a controlled manner.

Automating a practice takes a lot of time and effort but once completed (is it ever?), an automated practice brings with it increased peace of mind for the lawyer (don’t worry, there is still plenty to stress about), increased available time (time to market, time to develop and improve your forms and systems (one of my favorite past times), spend with family and friends, take on more pro bono services, or participate on charitable boards) and hopefully less potential future liability because your process and document are subject to less random variation.

Automating a practice takes a lot of time and most of us don’t have that kind of time, are happy with commercial drafting services that get us part of the way there and/or don’t have the automation skills or experience to build a custom system – nor might not want to have to maintain it even if we did.  Strangely, I enjoy the practice of automation practice as much as drafting and meeting with clients. I feel that I have the perfect job, as it employs so many of the intellectual tasks that I enjoy. It might come as no surprise then that my practice combines the use of my custom automation efforts, but it also includes the use of a commercial subscription. The commercial subscription offers a lot of valuable tools (videos, listservs as well as national updates) in a convenient format and has forms that I do not want to spend the time automating to the same level of detail.  Additionally, that commercial service’s forms are review and critiqued by a larger number of minds, which, of course, is impossible to do in a small firm practice.  However, because it is nowhere near as board and encompassing as my custom library and because it is far too complicated for my staff to navigate without significant training, my custom automation efforts provide our firm with the efficiency, and state-specific details, that is so critical to automating a practice successfully.

New England Estate Planning (www.newenglandestateplanning.com), a free attorney automation service that I hope I will be launching in the near future, will not attempt to compete at the same level as various commercial drafting services but will bring a new set of automation tools, as well as other features, that may help solos and small firms stay competitive in today’s challenging legal environment.  While registration does not officially begin until January 1, 2020, I am currently requesting that interested attorneys pre-register now (please email me at sgr@brennanrogers.com) to ensure there will be an adequate interest to justify full registration and then launch. 

Over the past several months I have been kicking into high gear a dream of mine; to create a free, yep – well, mostly free, automated estate planning platform for lawyers.  Over the years, one thing after another has prevented this dream from moving forward but things have started to change.  While a lot of work remains, New England Estate Planning (NEEP) will open for attorney registration on January 1, 2020!  I hope the actual site will launch, even if in a beta format, in 6 to 12 months after January 1st.

Frequently asked questions are likely to be:

1. Will this be open to the public?  Answer:  No.  Only to lawyers licensed to practice in Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts.
2. What forms will it offer?  Answer:  The forms library is intended to be more expansive than commercial products but less in-depth. Coverage will start with general estate planning documents (will, revocable trust, powers (financial and healthcare-related), letters, deeds, leases, specialized trusts, practice tools, and checklists.  With time and contributions from participating attorneys, the library may be expanded.
3. Is it really free for lawyers?  Answer:  Many forms will be free.  Many checklists and workflows will be free. The free area of the site is intended to be expansive and not simply a teaser.  However, there will be a premium section, which will contain forms that attorneys can purchase a subscription form.  Customized firm forms can be created and maintained separately and billed on a subscription basis.
4. Will my information be safe: Answer:   Yes, but you have to do your own risk assessment. The automated service NEEP will use has a dedicated commercial encrypted server.  Answer files are only available to the attorney that creates them.  Documents are delivered by email (in Word or PDF) or can be downloaded as directed by the drafting attorney.

To learn more, please visit http://www.newenglandestateplanning.com.  If you want to be reminded when registration begins, please email your name, bar number and contact information to info@newenglandestateplanning.com or sgr@brennanrogers.com.

There was a time when I took calls and scheduled my own appointments.  As a solo, that an easy way to save money.  As my practice grew, there came a time when I could have shed that role but retained it for control purposes.   When my practice was busy enough that I could not take calls as fast as they came in, I started to rely on my message machine more frequently.  I had better things to do than pick up the phone each time it rang.   When I realized that I was missing clients because potential clients would sometimes hang up when they could not reach a human being, I switched to a virtual receptionist.  I now have a full-time receptionist, though I  still use a virtual receptionist as a backup.  Along with the benefits of a real receiptionist, there also come some drawbacks that I did not anticipate.

When you have the fortune of having a high a number of potential clients calling each day if you are not careful your receptionist will fill your days with new client meetings without regard to your need to work those files and to schedule document executions.    One strategy is to block off certain days as “work” days.   Mondays are a likely candidate to block off.   Another option is to l limit the number of meeting on a given day.   I, personally, like to limit my meeting to two a day and at predetermined times.  If I start booking out too far, I might increase that to three or, should things really get hot, four a day.   I am not at the four meetings a day level in my practice.  I sort of hope that never happens.

When you are a solo or small firm, you will typically need a mix of meetings to make the end of the month numbers work until you have a sizable bank account to fall back on, though, in theory, you should be actively managing your day to day practice to keep from having to ever dip into savings.   How do you communicate this need to your receptionist and have him or her, on a daily, weekly and month to month basis, take into account your firm’s cash flow needs?   One option is to simply hope for the best and let them and luck determine how your month turns out.  Another is to reserve certain meeting times each week for executions but that often won’t work for clients.   Yet another way, which I have recently adopted,  is to try to map out each month (as you go), in an excel sheet, to try to get each week to add up to a certain number and all the weeks in a month to add up to a certain number and to keep coming back to my receptionist with suggestions about how I would like next week, the week after that, and the week after that, to look like in terms of appointments.   I don’t expect my receptionist to be concerned with my business’s cash flow but since when appointments get scheduled control cash flow, the receptionist can be at the center of that process.    More recently we have also begun trying to schedule document execution at the same time the initial appointment is made so that they are separated by 30 days.   Though we have not completed a cycle using this strategy yet, I am hopeful that our workflow process is robust enough now to keep to that deadline-driven process.

I suppose the point of this post is to point out that as your firm moves from one stage to the next, you may find, as I have, that management technique will have to adapt.  Simply because your firm has evolved or has added staff won’t change your need to proactively think about the bottom line or workflows.  Likely you need to focus on those things will only increase.  Cashflow is the lifeblood of a small business.   The person in charge of taking new client calls and scheduling appointments, or the lack of a person doing this, can have a major impact on your bottom line unless you implement (and can maintain) a process that changes that.

If you have a practice management technique that you think would be helpful to others, please share it.

See https://mirickoconnelltrustsandestateslawblog.wordpress.com/2017/05/30/sjc-rules-on-nadeau-and-daley-cases/.

I was recently quoted in the Bangor Daily News in an article A Trust fund for a pooch? .  From time to time I do have clients interested in planning for their pets, though it is not a frequent request.   Thankfully the law in Maine and Massachusetts have evolved and allow for pet trusts.  Below are talking points regarding pet trust planning.   These materials are not intended to constitute legal advice and shall not be used to establish proof of the formation of an attorney-client relationship.  These materials are provided at no cost and may constitute a form of advertising.   These materials were prepared for general use. 

1.What is a Trust?

To simplify things, it is important to understand that a “trust” isn’t a “thing” so much as an agreement or arrangement involving at 3 people and some sort of property.  That’s all a trust really is.

The people involved in a Trust are:

• A Settlor (a.k.a. Trustor, Trust Maker, Grantor, Donor): This is the person that creates or establishes the trust.  In the case of a Testamentary Trust (a trust established under a Will), this is the Testator/decedent.
• A Trustee: This is the person charged under a trust with a fiduciary obligation to do what is called for by the Settlor of the trust with the trust property for the benefit of the beneficiary of the trust.
• A Beneficiary: This is the person that the trust is intended to benefit.  The Beneficiary may be one or more people and may change over time.

That’s all a “trust” really is – an agreement between the Settlor and a Trustee that the Trustee will accept property from the Settlor and use that property for the benefit of another, the Beneficiary.

2. The Problem with Animals is…The problem with, and great thing about, animals is that they aren’t human.

• Historically, pet trusts were invalid for two reasons.
  • There was no human beneficiary capable of enforcing the trust; and
  • The rule against perpetuities: As an animal’s life could not be used as the measuring life, this made pet trusts problematic when considered in light of the rule against perpetuities

3. Law Catches Up with the Times

As demand for pet trusts increased, the law began to bend to accommodate them.

• Honorary Trusts – Trustee must agree to do it or must return it. An early solution was to characterize the pet trust as an honorary trust under which the trust would not be invalid if the trustee was willing to carry out its terms but the law would not enforce the trust for the benefit of an animal.
• Statutes Evolve: Overtime, states began to adopt statutes that specifically allow for enforceable pet trusts.

Maine Law – Legal Basis for Pet Trust

In Maine, Title 18-B (the Maine Uniform Trust Code) gives us two statutory provisions, Section 408 and Section 409.  I will address Section 408 in some detail but will only generally comment on the application of Section 408. See the end of these materials for Massachusetts’ Law relative to pet trusts.

Section 408. Trust for care of animal

• What is it? A trust created for the continued care and maintenance of a particular animal or animals.
• What goes in it? The trust must be funded with some amount of money or property. Excess funds may be subject to removal.
• Who manages it? A trustee must be designated to administer the trust but an enforcer can also be appointed to oversee the actions of the trustee and caretaker.
• When is it formed or established? A Pet Trust can be established under a Will or in a separate trust instrument.
• Who can it benefit? Animals alive during the Settlor’s life.
• When does it terminate? When the animal dies.

A Review of Maine’s Section 408

             Establishment and Termination of Trust

• A trust may be created to provide for the care of an animal.
• Animal must be alive during the Settlor’s lifetime.
• Trust terminates upon the death of the animal or last surviving animal if there is more than one animal.

             Enforcement[1]

• A trust established pursuant to Section 408 may be enforced by a person appointed in the terms of the trust.
• If no such person is appointed, a person may be appointed by the court to enforce the trust.
• A person having an interest in the welfare of the animal may request the court to appoint a person to enforce the trust.
• A person having an interest in the welfare of the animal may also request the court to remove a person appointed to enforce the trust.

             Intended Use

• Property of the pet trust may generally only be applied to the intended use.
• Presumably this “intended” use is to provide for the “care” of an animal as that is what Section 408(1) authorizes. However, arguably “care” may be construed broadly to cover items such as food, shelter, medical care, as well as the payment of the fees of an enforcer or caretaker. Point is, ideally the trust will provide some direction as to what the “intended use” of the trust is with regard to expenses.
• If, however, a court determines that the value of the trust exceeds the amount required for the intended use of the trust, property not required for the intended use must be:
• Distributed to the Settlor, if living,
• Distributed to the Settlor’s successors in interest[2] if the Settlor is not living; or
• As provided by the terms of the trust.
• Ideally the trust will provide what should occur if a court determines that the value of the trust exceeds the amount required for the intended use. Care should be taken in drafting a pet trust to head off possible claims by others that the trust contains excessive funds. Additionally, care should be taken in funding the trust to ensure that excessive funds do not fund the trust to start with.

          Termination

• Pet trusts generally terminate upon the death of the animal or last surviving animal.
• However, should the trust be small (under $100,000), a trust created for the care of an animal can also be terminated by the trustee or court under Section 414 if the Trustee concludes that the value of the trust property is insufficient to justify the cost of administration.
• Termination of a trust under that section, however, requires that the trustee or court develop an alternative means for carrying out the trust purposes that is consistent with those purposes. See Section 414(3). However, this may simply result in an outright distribution to the caretaker which may or may not be in the best interest of the long term care of the pet.
• In drafting a pet trust, some consideration should be given to whether or not the Settlor wants to prevent an early termination of the trust under Section 414 and other sections of Title 18-B.

Section 409 and Trusts for Animals Generally

Pet Trusts under Section 408 are distinguishable from trusts having broader objectives such as the prevention of cruelty to animals or the benefit of animals generally such as through the maintenance of wildlife sanctuaries or animal habitat which may qualify as charitable and tax exempt. Section 408 does not address these broader animal-related and wildlife-related arrangements, but Section 409 may be applicable to those animal-related activities that do not qualify as charitable in nature.   However, the scope of the discussion under Section 409 is beyond the topic of “pet trusts” generally and will not be further addressed herein.

4.  Practical Pointers for Pet Trusts

There are numerous practical matters for attorneys to consider when drafting pet trusts. In Maine, due to our informal probate procedures, most pet trusts can be included in a Will.  In other states, such as in New Hampshire, most pet trusts will be drafted as inter vivos trusts, so as to avoid continuing probate court oversight that will occur with a testamentary trust.

• Nominate the trust enforcer. Of utmost importance in a carefully drafted pet trust is the nomination of the trust enforcer. This enforcer will stand in the shoes of a “qualified beneficiary” for purposes of reporting and disclosure required under the UTC. Attorneys who usually draft trusts waiving all reporting and disclosure obligations (other than those required under the UTC) may want reconsider that position in the context of pet trusts. It is in the client’s interest to make sure that the trust enforcer has full and complete information when looking out for the pet’s best interests. The trust enforcer may also be given the authority to remove or replace the trustee or the pet’s caregiver.
• Consider nomination of a pet care panel. A “pet care panel” is basically an advisory board for the trust consisting of friends, relatives, the pets’ veterinarian, and any others with an interest in the pets’ well-being. The pet care panel can make decisions and recommendations relating to the standard of care for the animal(s), health care decisions (such as the decision whether and when to euthanize), the choice of caregivers, the caregiver’s salary and bonus, and other matters relating to the well-being of the beneficiary pets. Having a pet care panel can make the pet trust a living, flexible instrument and can relieve the trustee (which can be a financial institution) of the burden of making decisions for which it is not equipped. Like the trust enforcer, the pet care panel can be given the authority to remove or replace a trustee or caregiver. The pet care panel can also advise the trustee in the event of an unexpected event, such as the animal’s running away.
• Consider nomination of a caregiver. With a well drafted pet trust, the caregiver need not be nominated in advance. The trustee, trust enforcer, and/or, if applicable, pet care panel may be given authority to appoint the caregiver when the need arises. Of more importance, as noted above, is that someone have the authority to remove or replace the caregiver. Obviously, the caregiver should not be someone who is also a remainder beneficiary under the trust, due to the inherent conflict of interest involved.
• Consider payment to the caregiver. Payment to the caregiver in reimbursement of expenses can occur in one of two different manners. One method would be to distribute a fixed periodic amount (for example, $500 monthly) to the caregiver regardless of actual expenses. Using this method could result in the caregiver getting a windfall during a month when the pet incurred very little in actual expenses, or a shortfall during a month when the pet incurred extraordinary expenses. The second manner of making distributions would only reimburse the caregiver for actual expenses incurred for the benefit of the pet. The latter method, of course, requires more paperwork and documentation from the caregiver. The client should also decide whether to pay the caregiver a salary. Some pet trusts are drawn up with bonuses to be paid to the caregivers for the longevity of the pets in their care.
• Consider the likelihood of an out-of-state move. Inadvertent estate planning consequences can result when a client executes estate planning documents, moves, and fails to update those documents. This is particularly true with respect to a settlor who has executed a pet trust document, given the lack of uniformity in state law. Clients should be advised that these trusts may be considered as honorary trusts or even held invalid should the trust not be recognized by an out-of-state court. Still, it is prudent to include a choice of law provision in the trust document stating that Maine law, specifically, is to apply to the interpretation of this trust. It might also be helpful to include a contingency provision describing what should happen in the event that the trust is deemed invalid.
• Estimate the amount needed for the care of the pet or pets. It is important to accurately calculate the amount needed to fund the trust to properly care for the settlor’s pets, as the Maine Trust Code restricts the funding of the trust to only that amount required for its intended use. The amount needed to care for the pets can be quite large, as in the case of a family with seven or eight pets who wish them to reside in the family home for the duration of their lives with a hired caregiver. In that case, the trust must pay for the maintenance and taxes on the real property, upkeep of the animals, and a caretaker’s salary. In the case of one elderly cat to be placed in the caregiver’s own home, however, the amount needed to fund the trust might be minimal. For a larger trust, an investment plan can be drawn up, taking into account the expected lifespan of the pet and the tax consequences discussed herein.
• Consider the standard of care. Critical in estimating the amount required to fund the trust is setting forth the standard of care that the settlor expects the trust to provide for the pets. Regardless whether the trust calls for a Pet Care Panel to make such decisions, the settlor/pet owner may be most comfortable setting forth his wishes as to the pet’s standard of care in writing. It is a good idea to have the client help prepare a “Pet Profile,” a document which outlines the pet’s care needs, medical history, and even personality quirks. Moreover, written guidance in the standard of care can give the court guidance in the event that somebody brings suit to challenge the amount set aside in trust for the care of the pets. Obviously, food, housing, grooming, and medical care are all appropriate care for pets. Purchasing an automobile to transport the pet is probably excessive.
• Consider liability insurance for the trust. The decision should be made, based upon the personality and type of pets benefiting from the trust, whether the trust should be insured with respect to any damage, whether property damage or personal injury, attributable to the settlors’ pets.
• Identify the pet animals clearly. Under the Maine Trust Code, the trust can last no longer than the lifespan of the animals alive during the settlor’s lifetime. To protect the animal’s interest, clear identification of the specific animal or animals benefited by the trust should be made; a microchip implanted in the animal is a very secure means of identification. Tattooing is another option.
• Consider the remainder beneficiary. Consider that it may be a conflict of interest for the animal’s caretaker to be the remainder beneficiary of the trust. Also consider the possibility of a remainder beneficiary or heir of the settlor challenging the amount funding the trust as excessive. If that is a possibility, a “no contest” clause in the trust, limiting the amount that may be received by a beneficiary who challenges the trust, may serve at least as a disincentive to challenge the trust. As an alternative, a pet trust established with a charitable organization as remainder beneficiary may be less likely to be challenged.

5. Pet Trust Alternatives

If a pet trust isn’t right for your situation, there are options for providing for your pet. Your Last Will and Testament could provide for your pet through:

• Conditional bequests. You may be able to give money to a specific person, with the condition that the money is to be used for your pet’s care. However, without a pet trust, enforcement of this bequest may be impossible.
• Bequeathing (leaving) your pet to a specific person, along with money for pet care. Again, without a pet trust, enforcement of this bequest and any assurance that your pet will actually be taken care of may be impossible.

6. Tax Issues

A person might be tempted to forgo the formality of a pet trust and simply bequeath money to a person with an informal understanding that it be used for the care of a pet.  At least for tax reasons, there may be some advantage to doing this and the planner should consider the implications of Subchapter J of the Internal Revenue Code.

7. Incapacity

In the case of incapacity, an agent acting under a durable power of attorney should be given some direction or instructions in the principal’s durable power of attorney document as to what to do with his or her animals.  Ideally, such a durable power would provide for the ability of the agent to make gifts, establish trusts, and perhaps may reference and incorporate by reference the pet trust directions set forth in a Will execution contemporaneously with the power.   Point is, not only do pet owners need to plan for the care of their pets in the event of their demise, they also have to consider what should be done if they suddenly lost the capacity to care for their pets.

Massachusetts Law

Massachusetts law also contains statutory provisions for pet trusts and is generally very similar to Maine’s provisions.  When the Uniform Trust Code was adopted in Massachusetts in 2012, the old law dealing with pet trust was repealed and replaced with the provisions found at Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter 203E, Section 408.

These materials are not intended to constitute legal advice and shall not be used to establish proof of the formation of an attorney-client relationship.  These materials are provided at no cost and may constitute a form of advertising.   These materials were prepared for general use. 

This article from the Slott Report, https://www.irahelp.com/slottreport/age-70-%C2%BD-confusion-retirement-accounts, concisely explains the rules regarding when you have to take your first Required Minimum Distribution. Besides the Slott Report, another great resource for retirement planning is Appleby Retirement Consulting Inc. http://iraeducationcenter.com. Of course, the primary source materials for this area of the law is Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) and related portions of the Tax Code and Public Health Service Act (PHSA) but working your way through this area can be difficult.

MA Supreme  Judicial Court appeal hearing in Nadeau V. Thorn. 1-5-2017.  http://www.suffolk.edu/sjc/archive/2017/SJC_12205.html

Summary: Administrative Law; MassHealth Benefits– Whether the settlor is entitled to MassHealth long-term care benefits where the settlor’s former residence is held in an irrevocable trust.

This is an important case and the hearing is worth listening to.

As Ming Ming on the Wonder Pets says (I am  the parent of 2 toddlers), THIS IS SERIOUS…a ten year lookback period for MaineCare Planning, block grants (when the State’s money runs out, MaineCare eligibility runs out). The long-term care planning landscape is likely to change significantly. We’ll keep you posted:

In response to questioning by senators, President Donald Trump’s pick to run the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) said that the right to Medicaid could end under a block grant system.

As reported by CNN, in a contentious hearing before the Senate Finance Committee, Sen. Robert Menendez (D-N.J.) noted that Medicaid is currently an entitlement program under which anyone who meets eligibility criteria has the right to be covered.